ABSTRACT
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its consequences may impact individuals' mental health. Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the psychological status of individuals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran following the government's social distancing plan. Method(s): Data from 1,524 people were collected using a cross-sectional web-based survey via social media. Demographic variables and psychological status were evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire, Stress Response Inventory, and Brunel Mood Scale. Result(s): Individuals reported that their mental health decreased during the pandemic. Four factors were associated with increased stress: (1) Fear of getting sick;(2) indefinite quarantine duration;(3) impaired daily activities;and (4) reduced social communication. One-third of the participants reported physical symptoms (32.7%), 47% anxiety, 72% social dysfunction, and 28.3% depression. Approximately half of the participants (52.2%) reported mental health disorder symptoms. Detrimental mental health characteristics were higher among females, younger people, and singles. Conclusion(s): Health policies should be implemented to help reduce the psychological burden during and after the Iranian government's SDP, especially among females, singles, and younger people.Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background: The risk for transmission of COVID-19 to people in close contact with infected people, especially healthcare workers, has not been well estimated. Therefore the present study was conducted to assess the household secondary attack rate (SAR) of COVID-19 among healthcare workers and related factors. Material(s) and Method(s): The present prospective case-ascertained study was conducted on 202 healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 in Hamadan, diagnosed from March 1, 2020, to August 20, 2020. For households with close contact with the index case, RT-PCR was performed regardless of symptoms. We defined SAR as the proportion of secondary cases from the total contacts that live in the index case household. SAR was reported as a percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI). Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the predictors of COVID-19 transmission of index cases to their households. Result(s): We found 36 secondary cases out of 391 household contacts with laboratory confirmation (RT-PCR), representing a household SAR of 9.2% (95% CI: 6.3, 12.1). Among factors related to the family member, female gender (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.9), being the patient's spouse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.6), and living in the apartment (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.24, 6.23), and among factors related to index cases, hospitalization (OR: 5.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 26.9) and caught (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 5.2) were the significant predictors of disease transmission to other family members (P<0.05). Conclusion(s): The findings of this study suggest that the SAR is remarkable in household contacts of infected healthcare workers. Some characteristics of family members of the index case, including female gender, being the patient's spouse, and living in the apartment, and some characteristics of the index case, including hospitalization and caught, were associated with the increased SAR.Copyright © 2022 NRITLD, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran.
ABSTRACT
Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has since then spread worldwide, resulting in a large number of hospitalizations and deaths. To the best of our knowledge, the study about the mental health status (depression, anxiety, and stress) among high school students during COVID-19 has not been performed in Iran. Objective: This study was performed to investigate rates of anxiety, depression, and stress among high school students during the pandemic of COVID- 19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among high school students (12-18 years) from 30 April until 1 June 2020, in Hamadan City, west of Iran. In total, 2852 students contributed to the present study. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was used in this study. Statistical analyses were conducted in STATA 14 with a significant level of 0.05. Results: The present study showed that although stress status was normal among most high school students (70.3%), the status of anxiety and depression was high. The boys had reported a higher proportion of normal status of depression (51.62% vs. 44.97%), anxiety (31.71% vs. 26.91%), and stress (77.66% vs. 66.10%) compared to the girls. Also, students in grades 7-9 had reported a higher percentage of normal status in all three dimensions of stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: These findings suggest that as rates of depression and anxiety are high, schoolage children may benefit from policymakers and other authorities' active role.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious concerns for people around the world. The COVID-19 is associated with respiratory failure, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the lack of antioxidants among patients. Specified ROS levels have an essential role as an adjuster of immunological responses and virus cleaners, but excessive ROS will oxidize membrane lipids and cellular proteins and quickly destroy virus-infected cells. It can also adversely damage normal cells in the lungs and even the heart, resulting in multiple organ failures. Given the above, a highly potent antioxidant therapy can be offered to reduce cardiac loss due to COVID-19. In modern medicine, nanoparticles containing antioxidants can be used as a high-performance therapy in reducing oxidative stress in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. This can provide a free and interactive tool to determine whether antioxidants and nanoantioxidants can be administered for COVID-19. More research and studies are needed to investigate and make definitive opinions about their medicinal uses.